constitution

The constitution of Madinah was through the systemic incorporation of the concept of mutual humanity and shared space with other religions into Scripture, belief structures, laws and values that explain why Islamic societies, from the start, were racially diverse, multi-ethnic, and open to other faith communities. 

During the debates on the adoption of the Constitution, its opponents repeatedly charged that the Constitution as drafted would open the way to tyranny by the central government. Fresh in their minds was the memory of the British violation of civil rights before and during the Revolution. 

Drafted by Thomas Jefferson between June 11 and June 28, 1776, the Declaration of Independence is at once the nation's most cherished symbol of liberty and Jefferson's most enduring monument. 

Constitutional Amendments 1-10 make up what is known as The Bill of Rights. Amendments 11-27 are listed here.

The following text is a transcription of the first 10 amendments to the Constitution in their original form. These amendments were ratified December 15, 1791, and form what is known as the "Bill of Rights."